May 30, 2001

Over the Counter Drugs and Work

By Peter H. Wald , MD, MPH
Board-Certified, Occupational Medicine, Medical Toxicology, Internal Medicine
Principal, WorkCare

Over-the-counter drugs (OTC) are available without a prescription. They allow people to relieve many annoying symptoms and discomfort.  Self-care is encouraged by the availability of these products, however these drugs require common sense and responsibility—especially if you take them before leaving for work or while on the job.

In 1962 OTC drugs were required by the government to be both safe and effective. However, what works for one person may not work for another. Any drug may cause adverse effects. There is not a current system in place to report these side effects and drug manufacturers have no way of knowing how common or serious they are.

Safety is a primary concern when a drug was previously available only by prescription. All drugs have benefits and risks and that degree of acceptable risk is a judgment call.  People who purchase OTC drugs should read and follow the directions carefully.

Some people experience adverse effects even when using the drugs appropriately. For example, some people have extreme sensitivity to aspirin or anti-inflammatory drugs (i.e., naproxen, ibuprofen, etc.,) that can lead to hives or breathing problems. These drugs can also lead to ulcers. Often these drugs will cause irritation of the digestive tract.

Other classes of drugs such as antihistamines; Chlor-Trimetron , Benadryl, Drixoral, Actifed, etc. are taken as a cold remedy. The concern is these drugs may cause drowsiness and a sluggish feeling. Driving and operating heavy equipment requires alertness.  Other adverse effects are blurred vision, dry mouth and light-headedness.

Cough suppressants are hard to find as a single ingredient medication.  Dextromethorphan is commonly added to cough medication instead of codeine. Though adverse effects are rare, stomach upset and drowsiness has been known to occur.

In order to prevent potential problems that could result in hurting yourself or others there needs to be a company requirement that all drug usage should be reported to the Health and Safety Officer. If necessary, trained medical personnel can be contacted and provide advice on the product and whether a worker can safely perform their required tasks.

Information on over the counter drugs is available by clicking the following links:

http://www.uark.edu/depts/healinfo/otcs.htm

http://www.pdr.net